Hi Yamamoto-san,
Question 1:
Figure 13 on page 27 of the DRV8305 datasheet shows the following:
So, to answer your question, the longest possible interrupt time would be tblank + tdeglitch. Here, tdeglitch = tVDS. These should be labeled as the same thing.
Question 2:
In the example you gave, assuming tblank has already ended, the time between the over current event and our device signaling a fault would be tVDS