Hi Holger,
The difference between the DRV8802 and DRV8812 is the decay mode.
The DRV8812 has 3 modes: fast, slow, and mixes.
Ther DRV8802 has 2 modes: Fast and slow.
Also DRV8802 has one package HTSSOP
The DRV8812 has two: HTSSOP and VQFN.
DRV8812 is geared more to stepper drivers, the DRV8802 is geared more to brushed motors.
Thank you.